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USER MANUAL
ET100/NRZ
Synchronous WAN Ethernet Bridge
10/100Base-TX Ethernet over NRZ
CTC Union Technolo
g
ies Co.
,
Ltd.
CTC Union Technologies Co., Ltd.
NeiHu Hi-Tech Park
8F, No. 60 Zhouzi Street.
Neihu, Taipei, 114
Taiwan
ET100/NRZ Ethernet WAN Bridge, User Manual
Version 1.0 July 1, 2008 Release
This manual supports the following models:
ET100/NRZ Ethernet WAN Bridge
All specifications subject to change without notice.
LEGAL
The information in this publication has been carefully checked and is believed to be entirely accurate at
the time of publication. CTC Union Technologies assumes no responsibility, however, for possible errors
or omissions, or for any consequences resulting from the use of the information contained herein. CTC
Union Technologies reserves the right to make changes in its products or product specifications with the
intent to improve function or design at any time and without notice and is not required to update this
documentation to reflect such changes.
CTC Union Technologies makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee regarding the suitability of its
products for any particular purpose, nor does CTC Union assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of any product and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without
limitation any consequential or incidental damages.
CTC Union products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use in systems or applications intended
to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the product could create a
situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should the Buyer purchase or use a CTC Union
product for any such unintended or unauthorized application, the Buyer shall indemnify and hold CTC
Union Technologies and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against
all claims, costs, damages, expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, either directly or
indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death that may be associated with such unintended or
unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that CTC Union Technologies was negligent regarding the
design or manufacture of said product.
TRADEMARKS
Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.
HyperTerminal™ is a registered trademark of Hilgraeve Inc.
User Manual
Version 1.0 July 2008 Release
This manual supports the following:
ET100/NRZ -AC
ET100/NRZ -DC
This document is the first official release manual. Please check CTC Union's website for any updated
manual or contact us by E-mail at [email protected]. Please address any comments for improving this
manual or to point out omissions or errors to [email protected]. Thank you.
CTC Union maintains a support web site (support.ctcu.com) where you may obtain the latest manual,
quick installation guide, and operational firmware. Membership to this web site is free, however, you must
be a registered member in order to access any software updates.
CTC Union Technologies Co., Ltd.
2008 Copyright, All rights reserved.
Table of Contents
i
1.0 Overview................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Features................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Specifications.......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Functional Block Diagram...................................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Unit Detail............................................................................................................................................. 10
1.5 Theory of Operation.............................................................................................................................. 12
1.6 DIP Switch Setting Tables: ................................................................................................................... 13
1.6.1 Data Rate Settings:......................................................................................................................... 13
1.6.2 Interface Settings: .......................................................................................................................... 14
1.6.3 LAN Bridge Settings:..................................................................................................................... 14
1.7 Clocking Examples............................................................................................................................... 15
Table of Contents
ii
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ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
7
1.0 Overview
The ET100/NRZ Network Bridge is a high performance, remote, self-learning Ethernet bridge. Its
solid design makes it ideal for cost-sensitive bridging applications, or as a LAN extender or segmenter
over NRZ bit stream type infrastructures.
1.1 Features
10BASE-T/100BASE-TX, Auto, Full Duplex or Half Duplex
HP Auto-MDI/MDIX detects and corrects crossed cable
IEEE 802.3x flow control enable/disable
Real-time filtering with 256 MAC address table
Automatic address learning, aging and deletion after 5 minutes
Up to 340 packet-buffering capacity
Forwarding and filtering rate at wire speed with throughput latency of 1 frame.
Auto padding of undersized packets to meet the minimum Ethernet packet size requirement
Buffering modes can be selected according to the setting of WAN and LAN line speeds
Built-in nx64K timing clock generator for WAN link
1.2 Specifications
LAN
Standard Fully compliant with IEEE 802.3/802.3u
Connector Shielded RJ-45
Speeds 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX, Auto, Full or Half Duplex
Frames Supports 64 to 1536 byte packet lengths (supports 802.1Q pass through)
WAN
Interface Fixed type NRZ interface
Impedance 50 Ohms
Logic "1" 0V +/- 0.3V
Logic "0" -1.5V +/- 0.3V
Connector four (4) BNC female connectors
Data Rates n x 64Kbps, where n=1 to 32 (from 64Kbps up to 2048Kbps)
Clock Source Tx/Rx internal, Tx/Rx external or recovery from NRZ Rx data
Ethernet Bridge
Protocol Synchronous HDLC (ISO 13239)
Bridge Address learning, aging and deletion after 5 minutes
MAC Table 256 addresses
Buffer 340 packet buffer
General
Power AC model: Built-in AC Switching Power, 90~250VAC, 47~63Hz
DC model: Built-in DC to DC, 18~72VDC
Consumption less than 5 watts
Environment Temperature: 0~50
o
C (32~125F)
Humidity: <90% non-condensing
Dimensions 235(L) x 195(W) x 45(H) mm (10.25" L x 7.675" W x 1.75" H)
Weight 825g (1.8 lb.) net
ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
LED Indicators
PWR Green ON Power ON
OFF Power OFF
TD Green ON NRZ transmit data is mark “1”
OFF NRZ transmit data is space “0”
Flash NRZ transmit data is changed
RD Green ON NRZ receive data is mark “1”
OFF NRZ receive data is space “0”
Flash NRZ receive data is changed
LINK Green ON Ethernet link
OFF Ethernet unlink
Receive Green OFF No LAN receive event
ON LAN receive event
Transmit Green OFF No LAN transmit event
ON LAN transmit event
100M Green OFF 10Base-T
ON 100Base-TX
Full Green OFF Half duplex
ON Full duplex
Error Red OFF No LAN error event
ON LAN error event
Test Red OFF No loop back
ON Loop back enable
Loop back
When the Loop back push-button switch is depressed, Received timing and data are looped back out the Transmit
timing and data interfaces.
NRZ
TX Data
RX Data
TX Timing
RX Timing
Figure 1. ET100/NRZ Loop back paths
8
ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
1.3 Functional Block Diagram
9
Clock
Generator
SYNC
SPEED
N64K to
2048K
NRZ
Line Transceivers
Figure 2: ET100/NRZ Functional Block Diagram
SYNC
HDLC
CONTROLLER
Full Du
p
lex
Half Du
p
lex
Ext. clock
Int. clock
FILTER
ENGINE
plus 256 MAC Address Table
WAN SIDE
4 x BNC
Female
LAN SIDE
RJ-45
Clock
Source
IEEE802.3u I/F
Link LED
LAN Tx LED
LAN Rx LED
WAN Tx LED
WAN Rx LED
Auto-MDIX Phy
TX - TClk - RX - RClk
ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
1.4 Unit Detail
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
3
2 1
Figure 3: ET100/NRZ Front Panel Detail
15
22
16
11
17
18
19
20
21
12
13
14
Figure 4. ET100/NRZ Unit Detail
10
ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
11
(1) PWR LED
Green on, when external power adapter is plugged in and AC power is supplied to it.
(2) NRZ TD LED:
Green, on or flashing indicates receiving data on the NRZ interface.
(3) NRZ RD LED:
Green, on or flashing indicates transmitting data on the NRZ interface.
(4) Ethernet Link LED:
Green, indicates the Ethernet has a link to an external device.
(5) Ethernet Receive LED:
Green, flashes to indicate reception from the LAN.
(6) Ethernet Transmit LED:
Green, flashes to indicate transmission to the LAN.
(7) Ethernet 100M (Speed) LED
Green, on indicates the Ethernet is connected at 100M speed (Off is 10M speed)
(8) Ethernet Full (Duplex) LED
Green, on indicates the Ethernet is connected in Full Duplex (Off is Half Duplex)
(9) Ethernet Error LED
Red, when on, indicates an error condition on the Ethernet interface
(10) Test LED
Red, when on, indicated that the Loop back test is active
(11) Loop back
This pushbutton switch is used to initiate NRZ loopback towards the remotely connected device.
(12) SW2, configuration DIP switch (refer to setting tables)
(13) SW3, configuration DIP switch (refer to setting tables)
(14) SW4, configuration DIP switch (refer to setting tables)
(15) Power Switch, This toggle switch makes or breaks the power connection to the internal electronics
(16) Power Input:
This connector depends on the model, AC or DC. AC model uses IEC connector, while DC has a 3
pin terminal block for power connections.
(17) RJ-45 Ethernet LAN Port:
This is an auto-MDI/MDIX port for connection to the LAN.
(18) NRZ - TX Data
(19) NRZ - TX Timing
(20) NRZ - RX Data
(21) NRZ - RX Timing
(22) Card alignment slot molded into the housing
ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
1.5 Theory of Operation
A bridge is used to connect networks locally or remotely such that they appear to the user to be the same
network. An Ethernet LAN bridge will connect two LAN segments at the Data Link Layer (ISO Layer 2).
At this layer, the MAC (Media Access Control) addresses are used for low level addressing to send
information to devices. The bridge builds tables of MAC addresses for each network segment based on the
source and destination addresses of the packets it receives and forwards, then filters the traffic not destined
for the remote network.
The Ethernet-WAN bridge will connect two remote Ethernet networks over bit stream interfaces such as
that of modems or DSU/CSUs. One method to do this is to use HDLC, an international standard set by the
ISO, a set of protocols for carrying data over a link with error detection/correction and flow control.
The ET100/NRZ utilizes both Ethernet Bridging and HDLC encapsulation to provide a connection
between LANs over bit stream architectures. The LAN side of the ET100/NRZ receives an Ethernet
packet and examines its destination MAC address. If it knows the MAC is on the local network then it
simply drops the packet. Otherwise, if it knows the packet destination is on the remote side, or if it cannot
be determined because its MAC cannot be found in the table, then it forwards it. During forwarding, the
packet is processed for transmission across the WAN link. Here is where the Ethernet packet is
encapsulated in HDLC.
When the HDLC packet is received on the remote side unit's data port, the packet is checked for
transmission errors, then the original Ethernet packet(s) is recovered and sent out the remote's LAN port
completing the transmission. Here is the typical application of the ET100/NRZ.
Figure 5. Typical application of ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge.
In the above application, the ET100/NRZ provides LAN bridging between two LAN segments using an
NRZ transmission network.
12
ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
13
1.6 DIP Switch Setting Tables:
When the ET100/NRZ is set to internal clock (SW3 3&4 OFF), then SW2-1 to SW2-5 may be used to
configure the data rate and TX Timing signal's speed. If SW3 3 is ON and 4 is OFF, then all SW2-1 to
SW2-5 are ignored and the unit operates by recovering the clock from the NRZ's RX Timing. SW2 3&4
OFF is the normal mode for connecting to existing NRZ that supplies clocking. In this mode the TX
Timing signal is the loop back timing from the RX Timing signal.
1.6.1 Data Rate Settings:
SW2 SW STATE Function
-1 -2 -3 -4 -5 Bit rate settin
g
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF 64K
ON OFF OFF OFF OFF 128K
OFF ON OFF OFF OFF 192K
ON ON OFF OFF OFF 256K
OFF OFF ON OFF OFF 320K
ON OFF ON OFF OFF 384K
OFF ON ON OFF OFF 448K
ON ON ON OFF OFF 512K
OFF OFF OFF ON OFF 576K
ON OFF OFF ON OFF 640K
OFF ON OFF ON OFF 704K
ON ON OFF ON OFF 768K
OFF OFF ON ON OFF 832K
ON OFF ON ON OFF 896K
OFF ON ON ON OFF 960K
ON ON ON ON OFF 1024K
OFF OFF OFF OFF ON 1088K
ON OFF OFF OFF ON 1152K
OFF ON OFF OFF ON 1216K
ON ON OFF OFF ON 1280K
OFF OFF ON OFF ON 1344K
ON OFF ON OFF ON 1408K
OFF ON ON OFF ON 1472K
ON ON ON OFF ON 1536K
OFF OFF OFF ON ON 1600K
ON OFF OFF ON ON 1664K
OFF ON OFF ON ON 1728K
ON ON OFF ON ON 1792K
OFF OFF ON ON ON 1856K
ON OFF ON ON ON 1920K
OFF ON ON ON ON 1984K
-1,-2,-3,-4,-5
ON ON ON ON ON 2048K
-6,-7,-8 Reserved
Table 1: DIP settings for Data Rate.
ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
14
1.6.2 Interface Settings:
SW3 SW STATE Function
-1 -2 Receive Timing setting
OFF OFF Internal oscillator
ON OFF NRZ interface receive timing
OFF ON PLL mode (Recovery from NRZ interface receive data)
-1,-2
ON ON Reserved
-3 -4 Transmit Timing setting
OFF OFF Internal oscillator
ON OFF NRZ interface receive timing
OFF ON PLL mode (Recovery from NRZ interface receive data)
-3,-4
ON ON Reserved
-5 Receive timing phase setting
OFF Normal
-5
ON Inverted
-6 Transmit timing phase setting
OFF Normal
-6
ON Inverted
-7 NRZ side Scramble/Descramble setting**
OFF Disable
-7
ON Enable
-8
Transmit Data latch timin
g
p
hase settin
g
OFF
Normal(Postive edge)
-8
ON
Invert(Negative edge)
** Scramble/Descramble setting must be the same on both units in the link.
Table 2: DIP settings for NRZ Interface Configuration.
1.6.3 LAN Bridge Settings:
SW4 SW STATE Function
-1 -2 Memory Buffer configuration
OFF OFF LAN to WAN 308 packets, WAN to LAN 32 packets
OFF ON LAN to WAN 170 packets, WAN to LAN 170 packets
ON OFF LAN to WAN 32 packets, WAN to LAN 308 packets
-1,-2
ON ON Reserved
-3 MDIX setting
OFF MDI(1:1 to HUB)
-3
ON Auto MDIX
-4 Ethernet speed setting
OFF 100Base-TX
-4
ON 10Base-T
-5 Work mode setting
OFF Full Duplex
-5
ON Half Duplex
-6 Auto-negotiation setting
OFF Enable (ignore 3,4,5)
-6
ON Disable
-7 Flow control setting
OFF Disable
-7
ON Enable
-8 Filter setting
OFF Disable (Transparent forwarding)
-8
ON Enable (Bridge mode)
Table 3: DIP settings for Ethernet Bridge Configuration.
ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
Filter:
When this feature is disabled, all frames are passed transparently. In this configuration, the
ET100/NRZ acts as a repeater. When the filter is enabled, frame destinations are tested against the
internal MAC address table. Filtering enabled is the normal selection for Bridging but is usually disabled
when connecting to a switching HUB.
Auto-negotiation:
When this feature is enabled (SW4-6=OFF), the Duplex (SW4-5) and Speed (SW4-4) settings are
ignored and are automatically determined from the LAN connection. When this feature is disabled, the
Duplex and Speed settings of the LAN follow the settings of SW4-4 and SW4-5 and auto MDIX will be
disabled.
Packet Buffer Utilization:
The ET100/NRZ contains a 340 packet buffering capacity. When SW4-1 is OFF and SW4-2 is ON,
this buffer is divided equally between LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN packet traffic. When the LAN is
Fast Ethernet and the WAN connection is slow, the buffer may be better utilized by applying a greater
portion to the LAN to WAN packet traffic. In this case, set both SW4-1&2 to OFF. This will provide a 9 to
1 buffer division for LAN to WAN versus WAN to LAN buffer and should increase utilization.
1.7 Clocking Examples
In the following example, the ET100/NRZ is configured for bridging over synchronous NRZ data
signals. One ET100/NRZ is configured with an internal clock to facilitate point-to-point application with
another ET100/NRZ. The clock may be set to full 2.048Mbps or may be set to any n x 64 speed formula.
The unit configured for external clock receives timing from the unit providing the NRZ clock. In this
configuration, the rate DIP settings of the external clocked ET100/NRZ are ignored.
TD
TC
RD
RC
RD
RC
TD
TC
Internal NRZ Receive
Figure 6: Point to Point, Master (internal) and Slave (receive clock)
15
ET100/NRZ LAN-WAN Bridge
The next example connects the pair of ET100/NRZ bridge units to existing NRZ transmission
equipment which already supplies the NRZ clock to the tributary equipment.
NRZ
Transmission
Equipment
TD
TC
RD
RC
RD
RC
TD
TC
NRZ Receive NRZ Receive
Figure 7: Point to Point, over existing NRZ equipment (recovery clock)
In this final example, the ET100/NRZ is operated without any dedicated clocking lines. In the point
to point example, one unit is configured with internal transmit clock and the data rate is set by DIP switch
for n x 64. The slaved unit uses PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) timing to recover the clock from the received
NRZ data stream. In environments where there may be long data streams of all zeros, the PLL recovered
clocking may not be stable. This can be corrected by enabling the "scrambling" function on both units. The
scrambling function will ensure that the data stream has adequate pulses for clock recovery by using
special line coding. Note: Both units must have the scrambling setting either enabled or disabled, or they
will not be able to communicate properly with each other.
TD
TC
RD
RC
RD
RC
TD
TC
Internal PLL Mode
Figure 8: Point to Point, without clock lines by using a PLL to recover clock
16
CTC Union Technologies Inc
Fax:(886)2 27991355
Tel:(886)2 26591021
Attn : Technical Support Department
E-mail:[email protected]
From Company:
Name:
Tel: ( )
Fax:( )
MODEL: ET100/NRZ
ACTIVITY: As attached in DIP switch setting table
SYS CONFIGURATION:
Question
Technical Inquiry Form
MODEL No.: ET100/NRZ
Please fill in the DIP switches configuration with '9' marks into the following table. Send it to us by fax, and we will reply to you
immediately.
Your Setting CTC Suggestion
SW NO.
DIP
FUNCTION
ON OFF ON OFF
SW1 na Loop Back X
SW2 1-5 TX Clock Rate (Internal)
SW2 6-8 reserved
SW3 1 Rx Timing Setting X
SW3 2 Rx Timing Setting X
SW3 3 Tx Timing Setting X
SW3 4 Tx Timing Setting X
SW3 5 Rx Timing Phase X
SW3 6 Tx Timing Phase X
SW3 7 NRZ Scramble mode X
SW3 8 Tx Data Latch X
SW4 1 Bridge Buffer Conf. X
SW4 2 Bridge Buffer Conf. X
SW4 3 MDIX Setting X
SW4 4 10 / 100Base manual X
SW4 5 Full / Half Duplex manual X
SW4 6 auto negotiation / manual X
SW4 7 802.3x Flow Control l X
SW4 8 Bridge Filter X
Additional comments/questions:
CTC Union Technologies Co., Ltd.
Far Eastern Vienna Technology Center
(Neihu Technology Park)
8F, No.60, Zhouzi Street
Neihu District, Taipei 114, Taiwan
Phone:(886) 2.2659.1021 Fax:(886) 2.2799.1355
E-mail: [email protected] Url:http://www.ctcu.com
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